Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua-ntev craze ntawm carbon ncov thiab carbon neutrality, lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nquag nrhiav rau tiam tom ntej ntawm lub zog technology, thiab ntsuab.ammoniatau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas thoob ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no. Piv nrog rau hydrogen, ammonia yog nthuav tawm los ntawm feem ntau cov tsoos ua liaj ua teb chiv teb mus rau lub zog teb vim nws pom tseeb zoo hauv kev cia thiab kev thauj mus los.

Faria, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm University of Twente hauv Netherlands, tau hais tias nrog kev nce nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov ammonia ntsuab yuav yog tus huab tais yav tom ntej ntawm cov kua roj.

Yog li, dab tsi raws nraim yog ntsuab ammonia? Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog dab tsi? Daim ntawv thov scenarios yog dab tsi? Puas yog kev lag luam?

Ntsuab ammonia thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob

Hydrogen yog lub ntsiab raw khoom rauammoniantau lawm. Yog li, raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions hauv cov txheej txheem hydrogen, ammonia tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg hauv qab no los ntawm cov xim:

Greyammonia: Ua los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha pob txha (natural gas thiab thee).

Blue ammonia: Raw hydrogen yog muab rho tawm los ntawm fossil fuels, tab sis carbon capture thiab cia technology yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem refining.

Blue-ntsuab ammonia: Cov txheej txheem methane pyrolysis decomposes methane rau hauv hydrogen thiab carbon. Cov hydrogen rov qab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem yog siv los ua raw khoom los tsim ammonia siv hluav taws xob ntsuab.

Ntsuab ammonia: ntsuab hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab xws li cua thiab hnub ci zog yog siv los electrolyze dej los tsim hydrogen, thiab ces ammonia yog synthesized los ntawm nitrogen thiab hydrogen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Vim hais tias ntsuab ammonia tsim nitrogen thiab dej tom qab combustion, thiab tsis tsim carbon dioxide, ntsuab ammonia yog suav hais tias yog ib tug "zero-carbon" roj thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog huv si yav tom ntej.

Lub ntiaj teb ntsuabammoniakev ua lag luam tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos. Los ntawm kev xav thoob ntiaj teb, kev lag luam ntsuab ammonia loj yog kwv yees li US $ 36 lab hauv 2021 thiab xav tias yuav ncav cuag US $ 5.48 nphom hauv 2030, nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 74.8%, uas muaj peev xwm loj heev. Yundao Capital kwv yees hais tias lub ntiaj teb no txhua xyoo zus tau tej cov ammonia ntsuab yuav ntau tshaj 20 lab tons nyob rau hauv 2030 thiab tshaj 560 lab tons nyob rau hauv 2050, accounting rau ntau tshaj 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ammonia ntau lawm.

Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 2023, ntau tshaj 60 lub phiaj xwm ntsuab ammonia tau xa mus thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim tau ntau dua 35 lab tons / xyoo. Cov haujlwm txawv teb chaws ntsuab ammonia feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Australia, South America, Europe thiab Middle East.

Txij li xyoo 2024, kev lag luam ntsuab ammonia hauv Suav teb tau tsim sai heev. Raws li kev txheeb cais tsis tiav, txij li xyoo 2024, ntau dua 20 cov phiaj xwm ntsuab hydrogen ammonia tau txhawb nqa. Envision Technology Group, Tuam Tshoj Hluav Taws Xob Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Lub Xeev Lub Tuam Txhab Peev Nyiaj Txiag, Lub Xeev Pawg Zog, thiab lwm yam tau nqis peev ze li ntawm 200 billion yuan hauv kev txhawb nqa ntsuab ammonia tej yaam num, uas yuav tso tawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ntsuab ammonia muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Daim ntawv thov scenarios ntawm ntsuab ammonia

Raws li lub zog huv si, ntsuab ammonia muaj ntau yam kev thov rau yav tom ntej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam ib txwm siv, nws kuj tseem suav nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob sib xyaw, cov roj xa hluav taws xob, kev txhim kho carbon, hydrogen cia thiab lwm yam.

1. Kev lag luam Shipping

Cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions los ntawm shipping account rau 3% mus rau 4% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no carbon dioxide emissions. Hauv 2018, Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb Maritime tau txais lub tswv yim ua ntej rau kev txo qis hauv tsev cog khoom roj emissions, tawm tswv yim tias los ntawm 2030, thoob ntiaj teb shipping carbon emissions yuav raug txo los ntawm tsawg kawg yog 40% piv nrog rau 2008, thiab siv zog kom txo los ntawm 70% los ntawm 2050. kom ua tiav cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab decarbonization hauv kev lag luam xa khoom, cov roj huv huv hloov lub zog fossil yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws technical txhais tau tias.

Nws feem ntau ntseeg hauv kev lag luam shipping tias ntsuab ammonia yog ib qho ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb rau decarbonization hauv kev lag luam shipping yav tom ntej.

Lloyd's Register of Shipping ib zaug kwv yees hais tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2030 thiab 2050, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm ammonia raws li cov roj thauj khoom yuav nce los ntawm 7% mus rau 20%, hloov cov roj liquefied natural gas thiab lwm yam roj los ua cov roj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

2. Kev lag luam tsim hluav taws xob

Ammoniacombustion tsis tsim CO2, thiab ammonia-sib xyaw combustion tuaj yeem siv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj rau lub boiler lub cev. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo rau kev txo qis carbon dioxide emissions nyob rau hauv thee-fired fais fab nroj tsuag.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 15, National Development thiab Reform Commission thiab National Energy Administration tau tshaj tawm "Action Plan for Low-carbon Transformation and Construction of the Coal Power (2024-2027)", uas tau hais tias tom qab kev hloov pauv thiab kev tsim kho, thee fais fab yuav tsum muaj. muaj peev xwm muab ntau tshaj 10% ntawm ntsuab ammonia thiab hlawv thee. Kev noj haus thiab cov pa roj carbon emissions tau txo qis. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev sib xyaw ammonia lossis ntshiab ammonia nyob rau hauv thermal fais fab units yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev taw qhia rau carbon emission txo nyob rau hauv lub zog tsim teb.

Nyiv yog tus txhawb nqa loj ntawm ammonia blended combustion power generation. Nyiv tsim "2021-2050 Nyiv Ammonia Fuel Roadmap" nyob rau hauv 2021, thiab yuav ua kom tiav qhov kev ua qauv qhia thiab pov thawj ntawm 20% sib xyaw ammonia roj hauv thermal fais fab nroj tsuag los ntawm 2025; raws li ammonia blended technology matures, qhov kev faib ua feem yuav nce mus rau ntau tshaj 50%; los ntawm ib ncig ntawm 2040, ib tug ntshiab ammonia fais fab nroj tsuag yuav tsim.

3. Hydrogen cia cab kuj

Ammonia yog siv los ua hydrogen cia cov cab kuj, thiab yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ammonia synthesis, liquefaction, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab re-extraction ntawm gaseous hydrogen. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm ammonia-hydrogen hloov dua siab tshiab yog paub tab.

Tam sim no, muaj rau 6 txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los: kev kub siab lub tog raj kheej cia thiab kev thauj mus los, pipeline gaseous pressurized tsheb thauj mus los, qis-kub kua hydrogen cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los, kua organic cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los, kua ammonia cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los, thiab hlau. khoom hydrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los. Ntawm lawv, kua ammonia cia thiab kev thauj mus los yog kom rho tawm hydrogen los ntawm ammonia synthesis, liquefaction, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab regasification. Ammonia yog liquefied ntawm -33 ° C los yog 1MPa. Tus nqi ntawm hydrogenation / dehydrogenation account rau ntau dua 85%. Nws tsis rhiab rau kev thauj mus los deb thiab tsim nyog rau nruab nrab thiab ntev-ntev cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hydrogen, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los yav tom ntej.

4. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg

Raws li lub peev xwm ntsuab nitrogen chiv thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj ntsuab, ntsuabammoniayuav txhawb nqa txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm "ntsuab ammonia + ntsuab chiv" thiab "ntsuab ammonia tshuaj" kev lag luam chains.

Piv nrog rau hluavtaws ammonia ua los ntawm fossil zog, nws xav tias ntsuab ammonia yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev sib tw zoo li tshuaj raw khoom ua ntej 2035.